In 776 B.C., the first Olympic Games were held at the foot of
Mount Olympus to honor the Greeks’ chief god, Zeus. The warm climate for
outdoor activities, the need for preparedness in war, and their lifestyle
caused the Greeks to create competitive sports. Only the elite and military
could participate at first, but later the games were open to all free Greek
males who had no criminal record. The Greeks emphasized physical fitness and
strength in their education of youth. Therefore, contest in running, jumping,
discuss and javelin throwing, boxing, and horse and chariot racing were held in
individual cities, and the winners competed every four years at Mount Olympus.
Winners were greatly honored by having olive wreaths placed on their heads and
having poems sung about their deeds. Originally these contests were held as
games of friendship, and any wars in progress were halted to allow the games to
take place. They also helped to strengthen bonds among competitors and the
different cities represented.
The Greeks attached so much importance to the games that they
calculated time in four-year cycles called “Olympiads,” dating from 776 B.C.
The contest coincided with religious festivities and constituted an all-out
effort on the part of the participants to please the gods. Any who disobeyed
the rules were dismissed and seriously punished. These athletes brought shame
not only to themselves, but also to the cities they represented.
22. Which of the following is NOT true ?
A. Winners placed olive wreaths on their own heads.
B. The games were held in Greece every four years.
C. Battles were interrupted to participate in the
games.
D. Poem glorified the winners in song.
23. The word “elite” in line 5 is closest in meaning to…
A. aristocracy
B. Brave
C. intellectuals
D. muscular
24. Why were the Olympic Games held?
A. To stop wars
B. To honor Zeus
C. To crown the best athletes
D. To sing songs about the athletes
25. Approximately how many years ago did these games
originate?
A. 800 years
B. 1200 years
C. 2300 years
D. 2800 years
26. What conclusion can we draw about the ancient Greeks?
A. They were pacifists
B. They believed athletic events were important
C. They were very simple
D. They couldn't count, so they used “Olympiads” for
dates
27. What is the main idea of this passage?
A. Physical fitness was an integral part of the lives
of the ancient Greeks
B. The Greeks severely punished those who did not
participate in physical fitness programs
C. The Greeks had always encouraged everyone to
participate in the games
D. The Greeks had the games coincide with religious
festivities so that they could go back to war when the games were over
28. In line 14, the word “deeds” is closest in meaning to…
A. Accomplishments
B. Ancestors
C. Documents
D. Property
29. Which of the following was ultimately required of all
athletes competing in the Olympics?
A. They must have completed military service.
B. They had to attend special training sessions
C. They had to be Greek males with no criminal record
D. They had to be very religious
30. The word “halted” in line 16 means most nearly the same
as…
A. Encourages
B. Started
C. Curtailed
D. Fixed
31. What is an “Olympiad”?
A. The time it took to finish the games
B. The time between games
C. The it took to finish a war
D. The time it took the athletes to train
Jawaban
dan Pembahasan
22.
Jawaban bisa dilihat pada kalimat "Winners were greatly honored by having
olive wreaths placed on their heads and ...." Dari kata by having olive
wreaths placed ini menandakan ada orang ke tiga yang diperintahkan atau
bertugas untuk menaruh olive wreaths di atas kepala mereka. Ingat pelajaran
Causative (Have + Object + VIII). Jadi, jawaban yang benar yaitu jawaban
A (Winners placed olive wreaths on their own heads).
23. "Only the elite and military could
participate." Elite sudah seharusnya bukan masalah lagi bagi kebanyakan
pelajar Indonesia mengingat kata ini juga digunakan dalam bahasa Indonesia
(peyerapan). Pilihan yang paling sesuai dengan kata elite yaitu
aristocracy. Jadi, jawaban yang benar yaitu pilihan A (Arisctocracy).
24. "... Olympic Games were held ... to honor the
Greeks’ chief god, Zeus." Dari kalimat ini dapat diketahui bahwa
tujuan penyelenggararan Olympic Games yaitu to honor Zeus (B).
25. Dari kalimat pertama paragraf pertama kita lihat bahwa
Olympic Game untuk pertama kalinya di adakan pada tahun 776 SM. Diantara
pilihan jawaban yang ada pilihan bagian D (2, 800) tahun years merupakan
pilihan yang paling dekat. Jadi, jawaban yang benar yaitu pilihan D.
26. Jawaban yang tepat yaitu pilihan B. Soal
ini merupakan jenis pertanyaan interferensi. Pilihan jawaban A saalah, karena
mereka juga kadang ikut dalam pertempuran. Pilihan C juga salah karena tidak
ada pembahasan dalam reading mengatakan bahwa mereka simple. Juga jawaban D,
tidak ada data menunjukkan bahwa mereka tidak mempu count. Karena seluruh teks
di atas secara kesuluruhan membahas tentang athletic maka hanya jawaban
B yang logis.
27. Jawaban yang tepat yaitu A. Dari kalimat
"The Greeks emphasized physical fitness and strength in their education of
youth." menandakan bahwa "Physical fitness was an integral part
of the lives of the ancient Greeks." Pilihan B tidak disebutkan dalam
bacaan. Pilihan C juga salah karena hanya orang-orang tertentu yang boleh ikut
dalam Olympic Games dinyatakan pada kalimat "Only the elite and military
could participate at first, but later the games were open to all free Greek
males who had no criminal record. " Pleasing the gods pada festival
keagamaan merupakan tujuan dari penyelenggaraan perlombaan ini bukan untuk
kembali pada peperangan (D).
28. Arti dari kalimat "deed" secara umum yaitu
perbuatan. Dalam konteks kalimat di atas "deed" yang dimaksud yaitu
accompalishment (A).
29. Dari pilihan jawaban yang ada
hanya pilihan C yang sesuai dengan bacaan. Lihat kalimat ke
tiga paragraph 1 "Only the elite and military could participate at first,
but later the games were open to all free Greek males who had no criminal
record."
30. Jawaban benar ialah pilihan C. "Halted"
paling sesui dengan makna "curtailed."
31. Jawaban yang benar yaitu pilihan
B (The time between games). Bisa diketahui dari kalimat pertama paragraf 2
"The Greeks attached so much importance to the games that they calculated
time in four-year cycles called “Olympiads,” dating from 776 B.C."
